導(dǎo)軌絲杠作為高精密直線傳動(dòng)的核心部件，廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控機(jī)床、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線、醫(yī)療器械、機(jī)器人等領(lǐng)域。其主要功能是將旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，并通過(guò)導(dǎo)軌實(shí)現(xiàn)支撐和導(dǎo)向作用。根據(jù)摩擦特性，絲杠可分為滑動(dòng)絲杠、滾動(dòng)絲杠和靜壓絲杠三種類型。其中，滾珠絲杠因其高傳動(dòng)效率、長(zhǎng)壽命和高精度成為主流產(chǎn)品，而行星滾柱絲杠則因其高剛性和高承載能力，適用于重載和高可靠性要求的場(chǎng)景，如航空母艦和核電站等。

As the core component of high-precision linear transmission, guide screw is widely used in fields such as CNC machine tools, automated production lines, medical equipment, robots, etc. Its main function is to convert rotational motion into linear motion and achieve support and guidance through guide rails. According to the friction characteristics, screw can be divided into three types: sliding screw, rolling screw, and static pressure screw. Among them, ball screws have become mainstream products due to their high transmission efficiency, long lifespan, and high precision, while planetary roller screws are suitable for heavy-duty and high reliability requirements due to their high rigidity and load-bearing capacity, such as aircraft carriers and nuclear power plants.

盡管導(dǎo)軌絲杠技術(shù)在全球范圍內(nèi)已較為成熟，但我國(guó)在這一領(lǐng)域的國(guó)產(chǎn)化率仍然較低。主要原因包括設(shè)計(jì)、原材料、制造設(shè)備等方面的差距，尤其是高質(zhì)量原材料的缺乏影響了絲杠的壽命和可靠性。然而，在人形機(jī)器人和新能源汽車(chē)等新興行業(yè)的推動(dòng)下，國(guó)產(chǎn)絲杠導(dǎo)軌正迎來(lái)快速發(fā)展的機(jī)遇。未來(lái)，隨著政策支持和技術(shù)進(jìn)步，國(guó)產(chǎn)絲杠導(dǎo)軌有望實(shí)現(xiàn)自主可控，并在高端領(lǐng)域占據(jù)更大市場(chǎng)份額。

Although the technology of guide screw has become relatively mature globally, China's localization rate in this field is still relatively low. The main reasons include differences in design, raw materials, manufacturing equipment, etc., especially the lack of high-quality raw materials, which affects the life and reliability of the screw. However, driven by emerging industries such as humanoid robots and new energy vehicles, domestic screw guides are facing opportunities for rapid development. In the future, with policy support and technological progress, domestic screw guides are expected to achieve independent controllability and occupy a larger market share in the high-end field.

導(dǎo)軌絲杠按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為梯形絲杠、滾珠絲杠和行星滾柱絲杠。梯形絲杠因摩擦阻力大、傳動(dòng)效率低而逐漸被取代；滾珠絲杠則因其高傳動(dòng)效率和長(zhǎng)壽命成為主流產(chǎn)品；行星滾柱絲杠雖然制造難度大、成本高，但其高剛性和高承載能力使其在重載場(chǎng)景中具有不可替代的優(yōu)勢(shì)。此外，導(dǎo)軌按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌、滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌和液體靜壓導(dǎo)軌，其中滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌適用于高精度、高速輕加工場(chǎng)景，而液體靜壓導(dǎo)軌則因成本高而應(yīng)用較少

Guide screw can be divided into trapezoidal screw, ball screw, and planetary roller screw according to their structure. The trapezoidal screw is gradually being replaced due to its high frictional resistance and low transmission efficiency; Ball screws have become mainstream products due to their high transmission efficiency and long lifespan; Although planetary roller screw is difficult to manufacture and costly, its high rigidity and load-bearing capacity make it irreplaceable in heavy-duty scenarios. In addition, guide rails can be divided into sliding guide rails, rolling guide rails, and liquid static pressure guide rails according to their structure. Rolling guide rails are suitable for high-precision, high-speed, and lightweight machining scenarios, while liquid static pressure guide rails are less commonly used due to their high cost

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